Category:18th-century introductions. Category:1700s introductions.
Category:1720s introductions. Category:1730s introductions. Category:1740s introductions. Category:1750s introductions. Category:1760s introductions. Category:1770s introductions. Category:1780s introductions. Category:1790s introductions. Category:18th-century inventions. Category:18th-century board games. Category:18th-century card games. Category:Computer-related introductions in the 18th century. Category:Fictional characters introduced in the 18th century. Category:Fictional elements introduced in the 18th century. Category:Food and drink introduced in the 18th century.
Category:Mass media franchises introduced in the 18th century. Category:18th-century neologisms. Category:Products introduced in the 18th century. Category:Publications established in the 18th century. Category:18th-century robots. Category:Sirens. Category:Typefaces and fonts introduced in the 18th century. Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in the 18th century. Amphibious vehicle. Vehicle capable of transport on both land and over/under water Some examples of amphibious vehicles: a hovercraft, an amphibious automobile, an amphibious boat, an amphibious tank, a specialized cargo vehicle An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian) is a vehicle that is a means of transport viable on land as well as on or under water.
Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles and hovercraft. Classic landing craft are not amphibious vehicles as they do not offer any real land transportation at all, although they are part of amphibious warfare. Ground effect vehicles, such as ekranoplans, will likely crash on any but the flattest of landmasses so are also not considered to be amphibious vehicles.
General technical notes[edit] Apart from the distinction in sizes mentioned above, two main categories of amphibious vehicles are immediately apparent: those that travel on an air-cushion (Hovercraft) and those that do not. Ballet d'action. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid genre of expressive and symbolic ballet that emerged during the 18th century Ballet d'action is a hybrid genre of expressive and symbolic ballet that emerged during the 18th century. One of its chief aims was to liberate the conveyance of a story via spoken or sung words, relying simply on quality of movement to communicate actions, motives, and emotions. The expression of dancers was highlighted in many of the influential works as a vital aspect of the ballet d'action.
To become an embodiment of emotion or passion through free expression, movement, and realistic choreography was one chief aim of this dance.[1] Thus, the mimetic aspect of dance was used to convey what the lack of dialogue could not. Certainly, there may have been codified gestures; however, a main tenant of the ballet d'action was to free dance from unrealistic symbolism, so this remains an elusive question. Influencers[edit] Noverre's manifesto explored the following: Bourgeois tragedy. Form of tragedy Bourgeois tragedy (German: Bürgerliches Trauerspiel) is a form of tragedy that developed in 18th-century Europe. It is a fruit of the enlightenment and the emergence of the bourgeois class and its ideals. It is characterized by the fact that its protagonists are ordinary citizens. In England and France[edit] There are a few examples of tragic plays with middle-class protagonists from 17th century England (see domestic tragedy), but only in the 18th century did the general attitude change.
In France, the first tragédie bourgeoise was Sylvie by Paul Landois, which came out in 1741. Heroes in classical tragedy[edit] While ordinary people had always been the subject of comedies, classical and neo-classical theorists asserted that tragic heroes should always be men of noble rank. In Germany[edit] In Germany, where the new genre was called Bürgerliches Trauerspiel, it was especially successful. General characteristics[edit] References[edit] Dodomeki. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Yōkai A dodomeki (百々目鬼) is a Japanese yōkai that's depicted as a human woman who is cursed with having long arms covered with hundreds of bird eyes due to her habit of stealing money.[1] It is also called the todomeki.
Mythology[edit] Dodomeki were first described by the 18th century Japanese scholar Toriyama Sekien. The long arms of a dodomeki reflects the Japanese belief that a person with long arms has a tendency to steal. The bird eyes that grows on the dodomeki's arm are a reference to the Japanese dōsen, a copper coin with a hole in the middle of it that's commonly known as the chōmoku (Bird's eye).[2] The creature first appears in the Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki by Toriyama Sekien, here he states the origins of the creature are found in the Kankan-gaishi, a book which may never have existed.
Legends[edit] Meeting Priest Chitoku[edit] In popular culture[edit] References[edit] Fantastique. French term for a literary and cinematic genre Definition[edit] Instead, characters in a work of fantastique are, just like the readers, unwilling to accept the supernatural events that occur. This refusal may be mixed with doubt, disbelief, fear, or some combination of those reactions. The fantastique is often linked to a particular ambiance, a sort of tension in the face of the impossible.
The French concept of fantastique in literature should therefore not be confused with the marvellous or fantasy (where the supernatural is posited and accepted from the outset), with science fiction (which is rational) or with horror, although these genres can be combined. The word is also polysemous in French: a distinction must be made between the academic definition and the everyday meaning.
Related genres[edit] The fantastique is often considered to be very close to science fiction. The fantastique narratives also differs from fantasy ones, such as those by J. History[edit] Origins[edit] French polish. Wood finishing technique French polish is a process, not a material. The main material is shellac, although there are several other shellac-based finishes, not all of which class as French polishing.
The French Polish technique is an excellent method to accent exotic wood grain. The finish is softer than modern varnishes and lacquers, and is particularly sensitive to spills of water or alcohol, which may produce white cloudy marks, as does heat damage. History[edit] French polishing was developed as a finishing technique in the early 19th century.[4][5] In the Victorian era, French polishing was commonly used on mahogany and other expensive timbers. Another reason shellac fell from favour is its tendency to melt under low heat; for example, hot cups can leave marks on it. Process[edit] The process is lengthy and very repetitive. The fad is first used to place a thinned coat of shellac. There are two main variations to French polishing with regard to the use of pumice/ abrasives. Goose step. Marching step involving rigid, straight legs The goose step is a special marching step which is performed during formal military parades and other ceremonies.
While marching in parade formation, troops swing their legs in unison off the ground while keeping each leg rigidly straight. The step originated in Prussian military drill in the mid-18th century and was called the Stechschritt (literally, "piercing step") or Stechmarsch. German military advisors spread the tradition to Russia in the 19th century, and the Soviets spread it around the world in the 20th century.
The term "goose step" originally referred to balance stepping, an obsolete formalized slow march.[1][2] The term is nowadays heavily associated with Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in many English-speaking countries.[3][4] As a result, the term has acquired a pejorative meaning in some English-speaking countries. History[edit] Origin[edit] Adoption outside Europe[edit] Cold War[edit] Usage[edit] Ceremonial usage[edit] Europe[edit] Masonic conspiracy theories. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Conspiracy theories involving Freemasonry Another set of theories has to do with Freemasonry and religion, particularly that Freemasonry deals with "the occult".[5] These theories have their beginnings in the Taxil hoax.[6][7] In addition to these, there are various theories that focus on the embedding of symbols in otherwise ordinary items, such as street patterns, national seals, corporate logos, etc.
There are Masonic conspiracy theories dealing with every aspect of society. The majority of these theories are based on one or more of the following assumptions: List of conspiracy theories associated with Freemasonry[edit] Notable conspiracy theories involving Freemasonry include: Political[edit] That the British judiciary is heavily infiltrated with Masons, who give fellow Masons "the benefit of the doubt" in court, subverting the legal system[10][11] That Freemasonry is a Jewish front for world domination or is at least controlled by Jews for this goal.
Orthodox Jewish philosophy. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jewish philosophical tradition Orthodox Jewish philosophy comprises the philosophical and theological teachings of Orthodox Judaism. Though Orthodox Judaism sees itself as the heir of traditional rabbinic Judaism, the present-day movement is thought to have first formed in the late 18th century, mainly in reaction to the Jewish emancipation and the growth of the Haskalah and Reform movements.[1][2][3] Orthodox Jewish philosophy concerns itself with interpreting traditional Jewish sources, reconciling the Jewish faith with the changes in the modern world and the movement's relationships with the State of Israel and other Jewish denominations.
Philosophies[edit] Specific philosophies developed by Orthodox Jewish thinkers include: Orthodox Jewish philosophers (from late 18th century)[edit] While the majority of Orthodox rabbinic figures wrote primarily on Talmud and Jewish law (Halacha), some are known for their philosophical and theological writings. Porter (beer) Dark style of beer History[edit] The 18th and 19th centuries[edit] The 20th and 21st centuries[edit] Obadiah Poundage letter[edit] The letter on WikiSource Ireland[edit] After the invention of malted barley roasted until black to impart a darker colour and distinct burnt taste to the beer in 1817, Irish brewers dropped the use of brown malt, using patent malt and pale malt only, while English brewers continued using some brown malt, giving a difference in style between English and Irish porters.
United States[edit] Baltic porter[edit] German porter[edit] References[edit] Quinton (musical instrument) Characteristics[edit] History[edit] The quinton was invented around 1730, as reaction of French luthiers to the increasing popularity of the Italian violin. Like the violino piccolo, it was intended to play higher voices, with a better sound in the upper register while full-bodied in the lower one. It became fashionable in France, particularly among ladies, and regularly present in concerts. Its highest popularity was around 1750. Sonatas for quinton have been written by Jacques Aubert and published in his opus 4. Notes[edit] References[edit] External links[edit] Quintons at Musée de la Musique. Category:18th-century beginnings. Category:Introductions by century. 2nd millennium introductions